Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a lifelong difference in how a person’s brain develops. It affects how someone experiences the world: how they communicate and connect with others, how they think and learn, and how they respond to sounds, lights, smells, tastes and touch. Every autistic person is different, and their strengths and support needs can change over time. Autism isn’t an illness. Its cause isn’t fully known, but genes play an important part, and autism can sometimes run in families. It isn’t caused by vaccines or by parenting.
Why a “spectrum”?
Every autistic person is different. Strengths and support needs vary widely, and they can change over time or even from day to day. There’s no single way to be autistic.
Experiences many people share
Different ways of communicating and socialising
Sensory experiences: sounds, lights, or textures can feel stronger or softer
Comfort in routine: consistency is key
Deep, focused interests and passions
Stimming, like rocking or flapping, which can help regulate
How is autism identified?
Through an assessment by a qualified professional, such as a paediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Children and adults can both be assessed. In Ontario, a good first step is talking with your family doctor or nurse practitioner.
Myths and facts
Myth Vaccines cause autism.
Fact Research has found no link between vaccines and autism.
Myth Autistic people don’t feel empathy.
Fact Many feel deeply, and may show it in different ways.
Myth Only boys are autistic.
Fact Autism affects people of every gender, and is often missed in girls and women.
How you can help
Listen to autistic voices and lived experience
Be patient with different ways of communicating
Make small changes: a quieter space, clear plans, advance notice
Focus on acceptance and support, not on “fixing”
Want to learn more? These trusted sources go deeper:
